STCU Project: Development of the Method and the Device for Remote Sensing
of Vegetation (DRSV)
The aim of the project was to develop a method for remote estimation of chlorophyll in vegetation as an informative parameter of its state, and also to elaborate a device and applied software that could realize the method under field conditions. The solution of the problem allowed to create hardware-software complex which can be used as for fast surveying of phytocenosis and assuring aero- and space measurements of vegetation. Our equipment gives possibility to work in two various modes: with user's and researcher variants. The first of them allows to obtain value of chlorophyll content in vegetation in a real time scale, the second working mode gives possibility to measure reflectance spectra of vegetation and to accumulate them in database together with data of temperature and irradiation of environment and geographical coordinates of the site where measurements have been conducted. Mathematical tools of our software allow to execute various kinds of spectrum processing and to develop new methods for obtaining information in relation of phytocenosis state.
To develop of the method the main approach has been used which was based on revealing specific quantitative parameters of the shape of reflectance spectral curves, in particular, in the red edge region, 680-750 nm. The criterion for selecting a method was a high resistance to noises of various kinds, both as to instrumental ones and that originated by status of the object, which has been measured. The several ways have been tested. They use the modern achievements in information science, applied statistics, data processing and object-oriented programming. An estimation of effectiveness of the developed approaches takes into account extent of accuracy for calculated parameter and possibility to adjust our method in future to the data formats that are recorded by equipment of hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy.
Description and Specification
The device consists of two blocks – optical and computing (see Products)
The optical block is a two-cannel spectrometer with high resolution, adjusted to measurements under field conditions. Except for measuring and basic channels the device is equipped with a channel of visualization for supervision of a site which is measured. Results of measurements in a digital form are recorded on a flash card or can be transferred to the computing block for accumulation in a database. Optical block has the following parameters:
- a spectral range – 500-800 nm,
- band-pass – 1,8 nm,
- a field of vision – 16x160,
- reflection coefficient is in a range of 3-70 %,
- range of values of natural irradiance – 10000-12000 lux,
- time of measurement of one spectrum – 0,1-1 s,
- the level of own noise does not exceed 0,1 % from a scale of the device.
- the range of measured concentrations of chlorophyll – 1,5-8,0 mg/dm2,
- a voltage power – 6 V,
- capacity no more than 20 W,
- the sizes – 374x289x196 mm,
- weight (without a support) – 8 kg,
- the area on which chlorophyll concentration is measured from height of 1,5 m is equal to 0,16 m2,
- accuracy of determination of geographical coordinates – ±30 m,
The device is supplied with detectors of temperature, irradiance and the GPS-receiver for determining of geographical coordinates of a site where measurements are carried out. All these service data are registered together with a measured spectrum.
A developed software WINCHL has two channels for processing of the data transferred from optical block – user's (subsystem USWHL) and for scientific purpose.
Structure of the project
The project has been executed by three groups.
Experimental group headed by Prof. Svetlana M. Kochubey (Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, IPPG, Vasilkovskaya str. 31/17 03022 Kiev, Ukraine, Phone: 38 044 2588146, 38 044 2575150, Fax 38 044 2588146 e-mail skbiofis@naverex.kiev.ua)
A group for development of software WINCHL headed by Prof. Vitaliy A. Yatsenko (Scientific Foundation of Researchers and Specialists on Molecular Cybernetics and Informatics FMCI, Glushkova avenue 40, ISR 03022 Kiev, Ukraine, Phone: 38 044 5263695, Fax 38 044 5263124 e-mail vitaliy_yatsenko@yahoo.com)
The device producing group headed by leader designer Vladimir V. Donets (State Enterprise “Central Design Bureau “Arsenal” (CDBA) (e-mail vvdonetc@svitonline.com)
Principal executors in our groups
1. Dr. Victor Shevchenko (biophysicist), Dr. Oksana Bondarenko (biochemist)
2. Mr. Paul A. Khandriga (programmer), Mr. Dmitrii V. Shvets (mathematician)
3. Mr. Peter D. Chichik (leader designer), Mr. Valentine N. Milutin (leader designer)
About leaders of groups
Prof. Svetlana M. Kochubey is a leader scientist of Department of Biochemistry of Photosynthesis. Area of expertise and professional interests: spectral investigations of plant photosynthetic apparatus, plant stress response, optical properties of plants, spectral methods of research of photosynthesis apparatus, biophysical and biochemical processes in light stage of photosynthesis. Awards: State Prize of Ukraine in Base Sciences area, Special Prize of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Grants: Principal Investigator from Ukraine in “Photosynthesis” part in Collaborative Ukrainian Experiment (CUE, Space Shuttle Mission STS-87), 1995-1997.
USA grant for the project “Development of the method and the device for remote sensing of vegetation” (2002-2005).
Ministry of Science of Ukraine, grants in 1996, 1998-1999, Ukraine-Byelorussia grant 2004-2005, Ukraine-India grant 2004-2005.
Ministry of Agriculture of Ukraine, grant in 2001-2003
National Space Agency of Ukraine, grants in 2001-2002, 1996-1998
Full list of publications contains 200 scientific works including 4 monographs and 3 patents.
List of the most important publications of Prof. Kochubey
1. S.M. Kochubey, N.I. Kobets, T.M. Shadchina The spectral characteristics of leaves as a basis of remote sensing methods. 1990, V.I. Lyalko ed. Naukova dumka Publ. Kiev, 136 pp.
2. S.M. Kochubey Organization of photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants. 2001, V.V. Morgoun ed. Alterpress Publ. Kiev, 204 pp.
3. V.A. Kanevski, J. Ross, S.M. Kochubey, T.M. Shadchina Laser remote sensing of vegetation In: Advanced in Bioclimatology 3, 1994. G.Stanhill ed., Springer-Verlag, pp. 90-124.
4. S.M. Kochubey Comparison in informative power of multi-band measurements and high resolution spectroscopy for remote sensing of vegetation. Space science and technologies (Ukraine), 1999, v. 5, P. 41-48.
5. S.M. Kochubey Estimation of the main parameters agricultural crops by reflectance spectrum of vegetation in optical region // Space Science and Technology – 2003. v. 9, ¹ 5/6. – P. 185-190.
6. S.M. Kochubey, N.I. Adamchuk, E.L. Kordium, J. Guikema Microgravity affects the photosynthetic apparatus of Brassica rapa L. Plant Biosystems, 2004, v.138. ¹ 1, p. 1-9.
7. S.M. Kochubey Organization of marginal regions of pea granal thylakoids Russian J Plant Physiol. 2001, v. 48, P. 333-339.
8. S.M. Kochubey, V.V.Shevchenko, O.Yu.Bondarenko Features of grana organization in pea chloroplasts Russian J Plant Physiol. 2005, v. , P.
9. S.M. Kochubey Ultrastructure of chloroplasts Physiol and Biochim. of Cultivated Plants 2005 v. P.
Prof. Vitaliy A. Yatsenko is a world-leading expert in system-theoretical analysis of non-linear dynamical systems, control systems and mathematical simulation. His previous investigations are connected with the system-theoretical analysis of open physical systems, signal processing, and modelling of complex systems. He develops the systems for estimation of water and atmosphere pollutions using intelligent sensors. Now his scientific interest lies in the area of intelligent sensors and the theory of bilinear dynamic systems. He has been involved in NATO project (Scientific and Environmental Affairs Division), SST.GLS.975032: Calculating Robust Bayesian Estimates Using Optimization Approaches. He is an author of 185 scientific publications.
List of the most important publications.
1. Yatsenko V.A., Gushcha A.A. et. al. Intelligent system of integral estimation and control of ecoobject state based on photosynthesising biodetectors, European Conference on Analytical Chemistry. Edinburgh, September 5-11, 1993, P112.
2. V.A. Yatsenko et al. Intelligent system of integral estimation of water quality, Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical. 1995, v. 29, P. 332-338.
3. P. Pardalos, P. Knopov, S. Urysev and V. Yatsenko Optimal estimation of signal parameters using bilinear observation, in: Optimization and related topics, 2001, Rubinov A, and Glover B. (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht-Boston-London, P. 103-117.
4. V. Yatsenko, V. Kuzkov, Concept of a multi-channel systems installed at the International Space Station, In: Proc. of the 8th International Symposium on Remote Sensing: Sensors, Systems, and Next Generation Satellites 2001, v, 17-21 September 2001, Toulouse, France, v. 4540A.
5. V.A. Yatsenko, S.M. Kochubey, P.M. Pardalos, L. Zhan. Estimation of chlorophyll concentration in vegetation using global optimization approach. ‘Technologies, Systems, and Architectures for Transnational Defence II', SPIE
Conference ‘AeroSence. Technologies and Systems for Defence & Security', 21-25 April 2003, Orlando USA, Proc. of SPIE, v. 5071.
6. V.A. Yatsenko, S.M. Kochubey, P.M. Pardalos. Adaptive sensor for chemical analysis. ‘Chemical and Biological Sensing IV', SPIE Conference ‘AeroSence. Technologies and Systems for Defence & Security', 21-25 April 2003, Orlando USA, Proc. of SPIE, v. 5085.
Vladimir V. Donets is a leader designer of Ukrainian State Enterprise “Central Design Bureau “Arsenal” He has a great experience in the development of spectrophotometric devices, methods of non-standard spectrophotometric measurements. He is author of 50 patents.
We plan to develop
1. Hardware-software complex for airborne estimation of chlorophyll in various agrocenosises and phytocenosis of wild plants.
2. Systems of principal parameters for monitoring a state of phytocenosis of various kind with airborne equipment.
3. Methods for estimation of following characteristics in such systems:
a) chlorophyll, total nitrogen and water content by reflectance spectra in visible region,
b) a value of projective covering,
c) early detection of some types of plant diseases,
d) detection of some types of technogenic anomalies,
All these methods will be elaborated with our laboratory and field spectral equipment.